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* Notebooks weighing around 5 kg are sometimes termed desknotes (desktop/notebook). * Linuxcertified - Linux laptop * Current models use lithium ion batteries, which have largely replaced the older nickel metal-hydride technology. Typical battery life for most laptops is two to five hours with light-duty use, but may drop to as little as one hour with intensive use. Batteries gradually degrade over time and eventually need to be replaced, depending on the charging and discharging pattern, from one to five years. * Most modern laptops use an active matrix display with resolutions of 1024 by 768 pixels (XGA) and above, screen sizes 10 inch (250 mm) or larger, and have a PC-Card expansion bay for expansion cards, formerly called PCMCIA. Internal hard disks are physically smaller—2.5 inch (64 mm) compared to the standard desktop 3.5 inch (90 mm) drive—and usually have lower performance and power consumption. Display adapters and sound cards are integrated. Modern laptops can often handle sophisticated games, but tend to be limited by their fixed screen resolution and display adapter type. 1983 also saw the launch of what was probably the biggest-selling early laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. Although it was at first a slow seller in Japan, it was quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC, who saw its potential and marketed it as the Olivetti M-10, NEC PC-8201, and [1] Radio Shack TRS-80_Model_100_line or Tandy 100. The machines ran on standard AA batteries. The Tandy's internal programs, including a BASIC interpreter, a text editor, and a terminal program, were supplied by Microsoft, and are thought to have been written in part by Bill Gates himself. The computer was not a clamshell, but provided a tiltable 8×40-character LCD screen above a full-travel keyboard. With its internal modem, it was a highly portable communications terminal. Due to its portability, good battery life (and ease of replacement), reliability (it had no moving parts), and low price (as little as US $300), the model was highly regarded, becoming a favorite among journalists. It weighed less than 2 kg (4 lb) with dimensions of 30 x 21.5 x 4.5 cm (12 x 8.5 x 1.75 inches). Initial specs included 8 kb of RAM (expandable to 24 kb) and a 3 MHz processor. Laptops are capable of many of the same tasks that desktop computers perform, although they are typically less powerful for the same price. Laptops contain components that are similar to those in their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption. Laptops usually have liquid crystal displays and use SO-DIMM (Small Outline DIMM) modules (rather than the larger DIMMs used in desktop computers) for their RAM. In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) or a pointing stick for input, though an external mouse or keyboard can usually be attached.

* Hypersonic * Rock Direct A more enduring success was the Compaq Portable, the first product from Compaq, introduced in 1983, by which time the IBM Personal Computer had become the standard platform. Although scarcely more portable than the Osborne machines, and also requiring AC power to run, it ran MS-DOS and was the first true IBM clone. (IBM's own later Portable Computer, which arrived in 1984, was notably less IBM-compatible than the Compaq.) The first commercially available portable computer was the Osborne 1 in 1981, which used the CP/M operating system. Although it was large and heavy compared to today's laptops, with a tiny CRT monitor, it had a near-revolutionary impact on business, as professionals were able to take their computer and data with them for the first time. This and other "luggables" were inspired by what was probably the first portable computer, the Xerox NoteTaker, developed at Xerox PARC in 1976; however, only ten prototypes were built. The Osborne was about the size of a portable sewing machine, and importantly could be carried on a commercial aircraft. However, it was not possible to run the Osborne on batteries; it had to be plugged in. However this may not remain a misconception for long. Some newer laptops, for example Sony VAIO ultraportables, come with GSM cellphone-based wireless networking capablities, and it is possible to buy add-on PC card GSM modems which provide the same functionality for machines not so equipped. With these, a form of wireless broadband networking is available wherever there is cellphone coverage. Although this is much touted as an ideal business solution, the 'broadband' speeds are low compared to wired connections and the service is prohibitively expensive for most users at the time of writing (1Q 2006). In the US, wireless broadband offered by Cingular and Verizon starts at around $500 for a year with a minimum 2-year contract and each block of data transferred attracts a charge. Unlimited data plans are available but they would normally only appeal to corporate users. * Desktop computer * ECS

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A more enduring success was the Compaq Portable, the first product from Compaq, introduced in 1983, by which time the IBM Personal Computer had become the standard platform. Although scarcely more portable than the Osborne machines, and also requiring AC power to run, it ran MS-DOS and was the first true IBM clone. (IBM's own later Portable Computer, which arrived in 1984, was notably less IBM-compatible than the Compaq.) * Apple Computer - iBook, PowerBook and MacBook Pro Performance A laptop computer (also known as notebook computer) is a small mobile personal computer, usually weighing from 1 to 3 kilograms (2 to 7 pounds). Terms for subtypes of notebooks (and related computer types) include: * Improved battery technology. The heavy lead-acid batteries were replaced with lighter and more efficient technologies, first nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and then lithium ion and lithium polymer. * Improved liquid crystal display design, in particular active-matrix display technology, and increasingly, color screens. Early laptop screens were black and white or grayscale passive-matrix LCD displays prone to heavy shadows and blurry movement (some portable computer screens were sharper monochrome plasma displays, but these drew too much current to be powered by batteries). Improvements in production technology meant displays became larger, sharper, had higher display resolution, and could display color with great accuracy, making them an acceptable substitute for a traditional CRT monitor. Similarly it is often possible to wirelessly connect a laptop using a cellphone as a modem. Infra-red, USB and Bluetooth solutions are available. The same caveats regarding price of service apply.

* Improved liquid crystal display design, in particular active-matrix display technology, and increasingly, color screens. Early laptop screens were black and white or grayscale passive-matrix LCD displays prone to heavy shadows and blurry movement (some portable computer screens were sharper monochrome plasma displays, but these drew too much current to be powered by batteries). Improvements in production technology meant displays became larger, sharper, had higher display resolution, and could display color with great accuracy, making them an acceptable substitute for a traditional CRT monitor. See also 1983 also saw the launch of what was probably the biggest-selling early laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. Although it was at first a slow seller in Japan, it was quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC, who saw its potential and marketed it as the Olivetti M-10, NEC PC-8201, and [1] Radio Shack TRS-80_Model_100_line or Tandy 100. The machines ran on standard AA batteries. The Tandy's internal programs, including a BASIC interpreter, a text editor, and a terminal program, were supplied by Microsoft, and are thought to have been written in part by Bill Gates himself. The computer was not a clamshell, but provided a tiltable 8×40-character LCD screen above a full-travel keyboard. With its internal modem, it was a highly portable communications terminal. Due to its portability, good battery life (and ease of replacement), reliability (it had no moving parts), and low price (as little as US $300), the model was highly regarded, becoming a favorite among journalists. It weighed less than 2 kg (4 lb) with dimensions of 30 x 21.5 x 4.5 cm (12 x 8.5 x 1.75 inches). Initial specs included 8 kb of RAM (expandable to 24 kb) and a 3 MHz processor. * Hewlett Packard - HP Pavilion and HP Omnibook * Averatec

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